Helicopter emergency medical service dispatch in older trauma: time to reconsider the trigger?

Table 2 Advanced interventions performed in the patient cohort stratified by dispatch

	Total	Immediate	Interrogate	Crew Request	P value
	n [%]	n [%]	n [%]	n [%]	P value
Patients	1321 [100]	423 [32.0]	575 [43.5]	323 [24.5]
PHEA	260 [19.7]	93 [22.0]	81 [14.1]	86 [26.6]	.001
PRBC	97 [7.3]	55 [13]	30 [5.2]	12 [3.7]	.001
FDP	92 [7.0]	54 [12.8]	24 [4.1]	14 [4.3]	.001
Thoracotomy	4 [0.3]	2 [0.5]	2 [0.4]	0 [0]	.334*
Thoracostomy	178 [13.44]	119 [28.1]	39 [6.7]	20 [6.1]	.001
Antibiotic therapy	86 [6.5]	20 [44.7]	46 [8]	20 [6.1]	.153
USS	490 [37.0]	183 [43.3]	200 [34.8]	107 [33.1]	.009
Anticoagulant reversal	28 [2.1]	10 [2.3]	7 [1.2]	11 [3.4]	.083
Fentanyl	114 [8.6]	38 [8.9]	53 [9.2]	23 [7.1]	.535
Ketamine	127 [9.6]	38 [8.9]	55 [9.6]	34 [10.5]	.777
Morphine	238 [18.0]	55 [13]	109 [18.9]	74 [22.9]	.002
Hypertonic saline 5%	76 [5.7]	23 [5.4]	27 [4.7]	26 [8.0]	.111
Chest drain	7 [0.5]	1 [0.2]	3 [0.5]	3 [0.9]	.77*

PHEA Prehospital emergency anaesthesia, PRBC Packed red blood cells, FDP Freeze dried plasma, USS Ultrasound sonography. *Fisher-exact test

ISSN: 1757-7241